BRIEF DISCUSSION OF HEREDITY
Heredity refers to the physical and mental traits we inherit from our ancestors at birth.
To fully understand the mystery of birth, a new branch of biology, genetics, has arisen. Life first begins as a result of the mutual connection of egg and sperm in the mother’s womb. As a result of this connection, the zygote is born and new cells are born from there. Biological scientists have seen that there is a cell center in the center of the sperm cell and the egg cell called the nucleus and the microscopic substance in this cell center is called the chromosome. Each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. Females have 23 chromosomes and all 23 chromosomes are X x pairs but males have 23 chromosomes out of which 22 are XX pairs and one is X Y pair. This Y Chromosome is the sex determiner, i.e. the Y Chromosome determines whether it will be a boy or a girl. However, which chromosome will be paired with which chromosome depends on the various characteristics of the individual, so there can be a combination of one crore 67 lakh 77 thousand 216 types of chromosomes in each cell.
A son is born when an X chromosome from the mother pairs with a Y chromosome from the father. When the mother’s X chromosome and father’s X chromosome pair up, a girl child is born.
Observation of twins occupies an important place in the practice of effects of heredity Twins can be of two types viz.
IDENTICAL TWINS ( MONOZYGOTIC )
When twins are formed from the germ cells of one and identical parents, they are called identical twins. That is, in this case, two children can be both male or two female. Their skin color, hair color, and intelligence will be almost the same.
FRATERNAL TWINS ( DIZYGOTIC )
When babies are born from different germ cells, they are called fraternal twins. That is, when two or more ovums are mature and fertilized by two different sperm cells, two separate zygotes are produced. In this case, the combination of chromosomes is different because the two ova are fertilized by two different sperm cells, i.e., twins can be a boy and a girl.
ENVIRONMENT
A child’s personality is formed through the interaction of the environment with the characteristics a child is born with at birth. According to this concept, the environment is person-centered because a particular object or subject can stimulate a person in some way. Psychologists generally divide the environment into two categories, viz.
PRE NATAL ENVIRONMENT
Before birth, the environment of the time when the child is in the mother’s womb also affects the child, such as if the mother is injured or if the mother has any illness or the mother takes very strong drugs, it affects the child in many ways, and if the mother is very depressed, it also affects the child in the womb.
POST NATAL ENVIRONMENT
All the stimuli that affect the child after birth are called the post-natal environment such as the school environment, social environment, and work-life environment i.e. all the natural forces that affect him from birth to death are the post-natal environment.
HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT IN EDUCATION
When a child comes to school, he has certain inherited characteristics, and the primary duty of the school and the teacher is to control how that child’s environment is managed. Because this will establish his success
Here is the first thing that should be discussed. That is individuality because every child is born with different abilities and every child in a school has different inherited characteristics. So the teacher should first see what kind of characteristics a child is born with and plan the education for him according to his birth characteristics. But in reality, it may also be that such an education system should be designed so that every child can get an education according to their own needs, abilities, inclinations, and interests by joining the education system with their birth characteristics.
The school environment should also be designed in such a way that it is possible to create a constructive environment for the student.
Students need to develop the mindset of working independently; some problems will be presented before them. So students actively try to solve those problems and develop activism in them because if not active it will not be possible to develop the child’s life development properly.
Sports and various cultural events should be organized in the school so that the characteristics that are present in the students have an opportunity to be revealed. If the school and the teacher cannot provide a suitable environment for the development of the student’s life, then the student will have no value in their social life.
A teacher will observe the genetic characteristics of a student and give him proper guidance as per his inclinations, needs, interests, and potentials and guide him in what kind of education he should take up or what profession he should choose.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion on how environment and heredity affect human characteristics and behavior is that both have a big impact. The genetic composition of an individual is determined by heredity, often known as genetics, and comprises features inherited from parents through genes. The environment, on the other hand, includes all outside factors that have an impact on a person, such as upbringing, culture, education, socioeconomic background, and physical surrounds.
Developmental psychology and behavioral genetics research indicates that an individual’s traits and behavior are shaped by a dynamic interaction between environment and heredity. While heredity may play a significant role in shaping some traits, environmental influences may have a greater impact on others. The relationship between these two variables may also be complicated by gene-environment interactions, since genes can affect how people react to and interact with their surroundings.
In summary, the relationship between environment and heredity is complex, and understanding how these factors interact is critical to understanding human behavior and development. Both of these factors contribute to the wide range of characteristics and experiences that people have; none one functions in isolation.
