INTRODUCTION
In 1983, psychologist Gardner published a novel account of intelligence in the book Frames of Mind – Theories of Multiple Intelligences. The view he expressed about intelligence became accepted by almost everyone. He said about Spearman’s general component of intelligence that a single component explains all kinds of human intellectual work. It is not possible to do. According to him, intelligence is a combination of multiple abilities that help a person to adapt to his environment and solve a problem. So intelligence is not a single faculty but a collection of many separate faculties that are not dependent on each other.
To include a broader spectrum of human abilities and capabilities, Gardner added an eighth intelligence (naturalistic intelligence) after first identifying seven. These intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic abilities.
1.LINGUISTIC
This kind of intelligence works on a person’s linguistic skills and any other special abilities or skills. This type of intelligence is used in school learning to express oneself through written and non-written language to coordinate oneself with others.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
LAWYER
TEACHER / PROFESSOR
BUSINESSMAN
WRITER
POET
2. BODILY- KINESTHETIC
Such intelligence generally refers to the ability to perform various skillful and purposeful tasks by moving or using the body parts of a person. One word refers to a person’s body language.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
ATHLETE
DANCER
COMEDIAN
3. LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE
This type of intelligence is related to logic and mathematics. This intelligence can be used to do complex logical proofs or learn higher mathematics, ie any abilities and special skills related to logic and mathematics are required.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
MATHEMATICIAN
PHILOSOPHER
PHYSICIST
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER
ACCOUNTANT
4. SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE
This intelligence is manifested in distance, relative position of an object, perception of three-dimensional images, etc. That is, this type of intelligence is required to master spatial knowledge.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
SCULPTOR
ARCHITECT
ECOLOGIST
SAILOR
GEOLOGIST
5. MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE
This kind of intelligence is seen in those who are related to music or experts in the world of music. This intelligence is needed in music education, environment and organization. Musicians and composers have a lot of this intelligence, the characteristics that are seen in people with this intelligence are the knowledge of rhythm, knowledge of musical instruments, the expression of drama through melody and words, etc.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
MUSICIAN
COMPOSER
SINGER
MUSIC TEACHER
6. INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE
This intelligence creates self-awareness, own cognitive power, mental functioning, feelings, intuition, intuition, ability to utilize practical life knowledge and experience, etc. This intelligence is expressed through a person’s self-expression, i.e. through music, aesthetic art, dance art, and all these various works.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
MONK
SCIENTIST
PHILOSOPHER
7. INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE
By this intelligence one can understand other’s mind, behavior, mental state, latent desires, body language etc. The knowledge that is built upon through social interaction with others in everyday life is a special quality of this intellectual expression.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
TEACHER
PSYCHIATRIST
POLITICIAN
RELIGIOUS LEADER
8. NATURALISTIC INTELLIGENCE
This intelligence is required to acquire knowledge about various natural phenomena, classification of flora and fauna, knowledge about water and living things, concepts about ecosystems, conservation of natural things, etc.
Professions that require this type of intelligence are:
BIOLOGIST
GARDENER
FARMER
CONCLUSION
Gardner’s theory of multifaceted intelligence provides a complete understanding of the abilities and skills of individuals at different times. Among the eight types of intelligence described by Gardner, there is no doubt about the acceptance of the first four. But there has been a lot of debate about the last four types of intelligence, but no matter what the debate is, the need for these 8 types of intelligence described by Gardner about the overall intelligence of a person cannot be denied. Gardner’s theory tells about the innate intelligence of students in curriculum design, assessment, learning activities, group teaching. Applying this information in the field is beneficial, so this information has an important role in various fields of education.