GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development are the two processes that change a person’s life from birth to death. Even though many people use the terms growth and development interchangeably, there are important distinctions between the two processes.
Growth generally refers to changes in size, i.e. all the biological changes that occur in a child since birth, including growth, and it lasts for a certain period of time. It is a measurable process. It is a quantitative process.
On the other hand development means holistic development i.e. physical mental physical moral social spiritual and many more. It is an observable process and it takes place from birth to death. It is a qualitative process.
Today’s main discussion The various principles of development, i.e. the general rules of development, are discussed below.
1. CONSISTENCY
Development is always consistent, i.e., it is predetermined which behavior a child will perform first and which behavior will follow. After a baby is born, it will first lie flat, then sit, then crawl, then try to walk, and then walk.
2. CONTINUITY
Developmental stages proceed continuously, sometimes they are visible to us and sometimes they are not visible to us or even to the person himself. Examples are pre-natal stage, newborn stage, pre-infancy, terminal childhood, pre-adolescence, terminal childhood, early adolescence. , late adolescence.
3. CHAINED PROCESS
The process of development is a chain process. The development of one side of a child’s life supports the other side, i.e. the development in the child’s life is accelerated through a chain process such as physical development of a child will help his mental development and mental development will help social development and social development will help moral development. .
4. GENERAL TO SPECIFIC RESPONSE
All the responses that a child will make after birth are according to a specific rule i.e. general to specific. For example, after a baby is born, it communicates all its needs by crying, and gradually as its development accelerates and grows, it can respond differently to each subject or to each of its needs.
5. COMPLEX PROCESS
The development of human life is a highly complex process because, at any particular moment, the rate of mental development is higher than that of physical development, and the rate of physical development is higher than that of mental development. That is, the rate of this development is different in different directions. In this case, no specific rules were followed.
6. HEREDITY & ENVIRONMENT
An individual’s existence develops as a result of the interplay between environment and genetics. A child’s natural potential and abilities are given to them at birth, and the environment shapes these. How environment and heredity interact is mainly dependent on how he develops.
7. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE
Although the development process at each age follows a certain rule, the development of one person at one age will not be the same for another person at that age; that is, their development is not the same.
8. SPIRAL VS. LINEAR PROCESS
The path along which a child’s development takes place is never straight; it never develops constantly. After a certain age, the child’s development is consolidated for some time, and after some time, the development starts spiraling.
9. CEPHALOCAUDAL TENDENCY
According to this tendency, the child develops along the longitudinal axis, i.e., from head to foot. When a child learns to stand or tries to stand, the child will first take control over his head, then his arms, and finally his legs.
10. PROXIMODISTAL TENDENCY
According to this tendency, the development of proximal areas of the body occurs earlier and the development of distal areas occurs later. By this, it is meant that the center of the body will develop first and the rest of the development will follow, e.g., the spine will develop first in the body, then the large muscles of the arms will develop, and then the smaller muscles will gradually develop.
11. PREDICTABILITY
A child’s developmental characteristics can sometimes be predicted, for example, by looking at a child’s bone structure or physical structure to predict how fit he or she may be and, at the same time, judge a child’s mental abilities, socialization, and presentational aspects. A general idea of its future development can be made.
